| Abstract: |
Archaeologists working in non-Western areas of the world tend to employ monothetic, unilinear definitions of urbanization. The definition of what constitutes a city in archaeological terms is also ambiguous. Most definitions are biased by dependence on early archaeological work in the Mediterranean and Southwest Asia. Models of city formation must be based on multi-linear, polythetic criteria, in order to accommodate non-Western phenomena. A polythetic functional definition of urbanization recognizes two distinct forms of the city: orthogenetic and heterogenetic. Literature on Southeast Asia has mainly concerned itself with orthogenetic sites. This article presents archaeological data on under-studied heterogenetic cities in insular Southeast Asia.
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